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Search for "flow cytometry" in Full Text gives 49 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93
- increased albumin endocytosis and a greater uptake of curcumin bound to it into cancer cells [49][50]. Consequently, the use of CUR-HSA-MPs may be a more effective strategy than the use of free CUR for the treatment of cancer. Cell uptake Flow cytometry was employed for the quantitative determination of the
- cellular uptake of HSA-MPs and CUR-HSA-MPs. The intrinsic fluorescence of both particle types excited at 488 nm allowed for their visualization, as the fluorescence properties were preserved upon encapsulation (Figure 2E). Quantitative analysis of cellular uptake, performed through flow cytometry, revealed
- untreated cells (control) using the MTT assay. Results are expressed as mean values (n = 3) ± SEM. **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.001. Flow cytometric analysis showing cellular uptake of HSA-MPs and CUR-HSA-MPs at a concentration of 25 µg/mL. (A) Flow cytometry graphs; (B) quantification of the mean fluorescence
Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85
- dependence of HbMP uptake on these receptors. Table 2 gives an overview of the samples of indirect phagocytosis test no. 2; the incubation time with HbMPs was 30 min. All samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Leucocytes were identified by DNA staining with propidium iodide (PI) or diamidinophenylindole
- for 10 min at 37 °C right away. An MFI value in flow cytometry close to the one of the reference sample showed that neither one of the antibodies we used had an effect on the uptake of FITC-labeled E. coli bacteria (Figure 4). Discussion Indirect phagocytosis assays were carried out with whole blood
Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66
- the Vero cell line by flow cytometry, where the percentage of dead cells labeled with propidium iodide (PI, Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2) was measured. Neither the drug-loaded or unloaded NLCs elicited significant toxicity in Vero cells. As it is common to parenterally administer
- spectrophotometer, Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 550 nm. The assays were performed in triplicate. Cell toxicity assay on Vero cells Cell viability was analyzed by flow cytometry as described in the “In vitro anti-amastigote effect” section after adding PI to obtain the percentage of dead cells following the
- 50 µM) or the free drug were added. After 72 h of treatment, the cells were harvested with a trypsin/EDTA solution and processed for flow cytometry analysis using a BD Biosciences FACSCANTO II Flow Cytometer (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Propidium iodide (Sigma, St. Louis, USA) was added to the cell
The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30
- are assessed with the use of fluorescent-labeling carriers and the expression of fluorescent proteins (e.g., enhanced green fluorescent protein). Both of which are typically assessed by widefield fluorescent microscopy/confocal microscopy (referred to as “imaging”) and/or flow cytometry (Table 1
- after image capture (26%, Figure 1a2). Flow cytometry, also a fluorescence-based method, is an alternate assessment of uptake and transfection. It is commonly used for high-throughput cell studies and is known for both rapid data acquisition and large data sets [17]. Flow cytometry can generate large
- papers, Figure 1b). Despite the robust data it can provide, flow cytometry counts the total number of cells associated with NPs and cannot distinguish internalized cargo from surface-bound NPs [1][17]. To precisely quantify internalization, a secondary method is required that can differentiate between
Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118
- 30 μM) at 37 °C for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h. Then, the cells were washed, digested, and suspended in 500 μL PBS. The fluorescence was detected by flow cytometry (Becton Dickinson FACSAriaIII cell sorter) in PerCP-Cy5.5 channel to detect the fluorescence of BDP according to our previous report [22
- complex nanoparticles with suitable particle size (73 nm) for in vivo application. Besides, at this molar ratio, BDP could be successfully grafted onto the LNPs. Flow cytometry was employed to study the cellular uptake efficiencies of AB-LNPs and free BDP by detecting the fluorescence of BDP in the PerCP
- nanoparticles, which was consistent with the results obtained from flow cytometry. For comparison, no fluorescence could be found in cells treated with Au-LNPs. AB-LNPs showed the highest cellular uptake efficiency after 6 h of incubation. Hence, we chose 6 h incubation time to study the anti-proliferative
Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20
- at high concentrations. Similarly, cells in the saline + NIR sample seemed as healthy as those in the saline control group. Consistent with these microscopy observations, flow cytometry analysis, which utilized Annexin V and propidium iodide to quantitate apoptosis and necrosis, showed that the
- -based nanoparticles, this method has long been regarded as the gold standard for cell viability and proliferation studies, and thus been applied extensively in studies of metal-containing nanoparticles [18][19][20]. In accordance with our flow cytometry findings, the MTT viability assay showed that in
- value of the treatment group relative to that of the control group. All experiments were repeated three times. Flow cytometry Flow cytometry analysis was performed as previously described [15]. Briefly, A375 cells were treated with 0.0625 mg/mL NPCs or vehicle control for 4 h, then exposed to NIR
Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6
- in many in vitro studies including, for example, flow cytometry or fluorescence imaging, since the luminescence of the polymer was not detected [18][33][34]. Unfortunately, the luminescence of the fluorophores (dye or quantum dots) that are active in the visible range is usually significantly reduced
Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99
- damaged cells to accumulate in sub-G1, G1, S, or G2/M phases of the cell cycle [48]. To determine the effects of drug-loaded MFe2O4 NPs on the cell cycle progression, HepG2 and HT144 cells treated with NPs at IC50 doses were analyzed by flow cytometry. The data obtained from each sample was compared to
- ) in cells with a non-significant S phase arrest, lowering the cellular population in the G1 phase (p < 0.01). The obtained flow cytometry results from drug-loaded NPs were comparable to free drug controls (0.2 µM). However, considering that the amount of attached drug with IC50 doses of NPs was much
- expression of Ki-67 during the cell cycle may also affect these findings [60]. Flow cytometry results revealed that NPs+DOX caused G1 and S phase arrest in HepG2 and HT144 cells, respectively, which may result in a relatively low expression of Ki-67 in these treatment groups and a comparatively higher
Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64
- 2 MDa FITC-dextrans loaded into MBs as model drugs using flow cytometry and FACSCaliburTM (Flow cytometer). They blocked the endocytic pathway and interestingly found two different cell subpopulations after US exposure which had either low or high uptake of FITC-dextran. They found that the “low
Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 786–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.62
- , respectively. After staining, the presence of oil vacuoles confirmed the adipogenic differentiation (Figure 1C). Also, the redness of the nodules indicated the presence of mineralized compartments as a result of the osteogenic confirmation (Figure 1D). Phenotypical characterization of BM-MSCs Flow cytometry
- 10% FBS. The cells were cultured in an incubator until the cells reached 70–80% confluence. Characterization of MSCs Flow cytometry as well as multilineage differentiation were used for the confirmation of BM-MSCs as reported earlier by Fathi and Vietor [42]. For this purpose, 1 × 105 BM-MSCs were
- analyzed using Graph Pad Prism version 6.01. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's tests was used to determine any significant differences among the groups. Quantitative real-time PCR and flow-cytometry were analyzed using REST 2009 and FlowJo software, respectively. Statistical significance was
The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31
Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3
- flow cytometry through the measurement of side-scattered light, which is proportional to changes in cell granularity or to the internal complexity. Results and Discussion Preparation and characterization of upconversion nanoparticles Oleate-functionalized NaYF4:Yb,Er nanocrystals were prepared by a
- degrees of the samples in RAW 264.7 cells (the cytotoxicity of the samples was dose-dependent) and by the flow cytometry results (see below). Ion release experiments For the investigation of released lanthanide ions, UC@thin_NH2 and UC@thick_NH2, as representative samples of thin- and thick-shelled
- longer than 24 h can be used in future experiments to determine the influence of prolonged contact with UCNP-containing particles and a small amount of released ions on cytotoxicity. Cellular uptake Flow cytometry can provide qualitative and quantitative information about internalized particles in cells
PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155
- antitumor activity. Furthermore, fluorescence detection and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis results indicated that the internalization into cells of CNTs-PEG-PEI was significantly enhanced, thus inducing tumor cell death through apoptosis more efficiently. The above series of benefits of CNTs-PEG-PEI may be
- the intracellular matrix of free solution, CNTs-COOH, CNTs-PEG, and CNTs-PEG-PEI was quantitatively investigated by flow cytometry (FCM) to compare the uptake efficiency and intracellular accumulation of the different DOX-loaded nanocarriers. MCF-7 cells were cultivated into 12-well plates at 1 × 105
Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44
- absence of agonists for up to 40 min of incubation. PRP without NPs was used as the control. The data are expressed as the mean of three independent experiments. Flow cytometry fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) Flow cytometry fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to evaluate
- Information File 1, Figure S6). Platelet activation The activation of platelets by the silica and carbon nanoparticles was evaluated by flow cytometry. Activation was evaluated by using a specific antibody, which binds the antigen CD62P (P-selectin) that is expressed on the surface of activated platelets
- the presence of the silica and carbon NPs of medium size. The analysis of the platelet activation by flow cytometry is particularly critical in the presence of particles due to the possible interference in the intensity of scattered light. However, here this is not the case, since particles are
Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28
- by flow cytometry (Figure 1B). The differences in the extent of cell internalization could be explained by the surface charge as revealed by zeta potential measurements. The flow cytometry analysis of cell internalization was also performed after trypsin treatment, which promotes detachment of the
- viruses were incubated for 24 h with MDA-MB-231 cells, using 2.6 × 107 viruses per cell. A similar concentration has been used in cell viability tests with CCMV [25][39] and glycol chitosan nanoparticles [40]. The flow cytometry results showed around 90% cell survival after treatment with both viruses
- analyzed by flow cytometry. For each sample at least 7,500 events corresponding to single cells were collected as described previously, and the Attune Cytometric Software (v2.1) was used to analyze results. Surface functionalization of BMV and CCMV with PEG The external surface of the capsid was PEGylated
Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26
- the intensity obtained for β-actin band was used to normalize the band intensity of the corresponding VEGF protein band. Flow cytometry: Apoptotic cells were visualized using an Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit (BD Biosciences, San Jose, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Briefly
- complexation of the siRNA with PVI results in better internalization and it promotes endosomal escape thereby aiding to form a RISC to cleave VEGF mRNA. Flow cytometry analysis The number of apoptotic cells after treatment with VEGF siRNA was determined by using flow cytometry. The cell viability results
- revealed that after 48 h of treatment with VEGF siRNA, A549 cells treated with the polyplex exhibited a reduction in the viability when compared to control and scrambled siRNA. A similar trend was observed in the flow cytometry data where the number of apoptotic cells was found to be higher after treatment
Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15
Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10
- . However, in 2003, Richard et al. [38] showed that the results obtained might be a misconception due to the use of fixed cells. They postulated that the fixatives could change the intracellular distribution of the peptides. Additionally, it was shown that flow cytometry (a method frequently used for
Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246
- , quantification of cell-uptake was judged by flow cytometry analysis of A549-GRPR cells exposed to fluorescently tagged target-lipo (FL-Target-lipo) or tagged control-lipo (FL-Control-lipo) formulations. Preliminary studies using FL-Target-lipo including 1 mol % targeting lipid showed marginal increases in
- that GRPR targeting with cystabn peptide increases cell uptake of liposomes, most likely through receptor-mediated uptake. Taken together the flow cytometry and microscopy data demonstrate that, using a fluorescently labelled model liposomal carrier, the relative increase in cell uptake afforded by
- human GRP receptor (3xHA-GRPR pcDNA3.1+ plasmid #GRPR00TN00, UMR cDNA Resource Center, USA) using FuGene 6 and selected using 750 μg/mL G418 over three weeks. Cells were subsequently maintained in 100 μg/mL G418. Flow cytometry A549-GRPR cells were washed with warm PBS and blocked for 5 h in 0.2% BSA in
Small protein sequences can induce cellular uptake of complex nanohybrids
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2477–2482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.238
- the overall hybrids, the QD-to-AuNP molar ratio in the hybrids, the incubation time to 30 min, resulted in significantly lower levels of intracellular QD staining. Flow cytometry measurements showed that under these modified conditions approx. 20% of the cells are labelled with the nanohybrids. In
- culture, epifluorescence z-stack, epifluorescence control experiments, flow cytometry, further instrumentation. Supporting Information File 300: Additional experimental data. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the State Excellence Initiative “Nanotechnology in Medicine” from the Free and
Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189
- late apoptosis in human cervical HeLa cancer cells [26]. In order to explore the death mechanism of P2, A549 and PC9 cells were treated with P2 and Di for 48 h and the proportion of cells undergone apoptosis was counted through Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and followed by flow cytometry analysis. As
- ModFit software (Verity Software House, Topsham, ME) [41]. The cell amounts for each group which are analyzed by the flow cytometry are 10000 events. The representative gating for flow cytometry was shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3. Cell apoptosis For analysis of apoptosis, A549 and PC-9
- dark. Subsequently, the apoptotic stages were quantitatively determined by flow cytometry [42]. Statistical analysis All data shown in this article were expressed as the mean ± SD for at least three separate experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test. (A) The structure
Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181
- -EGFRvIII cells was carried out on cells digested and gathered through centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 4 min. Finally, 0.5 mL of PBS (0.01 M, pH 7.4) was used to suspend the cells and the fluorescence intensity of the cells was ascertained by flow cytometry (BD, USA). U87MG and U87MG-EGFRvIII cells were
- centrifugation was performed at 1000 rpm for 4 min. Finally, 0.5 mL of PBS (0.01 M, pH 7.4) was used to suspend the cells and the fluorescence intensity of the cells was ascertained by flow cytometry (BD, USA). Cellular uptake of PEG-SPIONs The cellular uptake of NPs and PNPs were investigated on U87MG and U87MG
- digestion and suspended in 0.5 mL of PBS (0.01 M, pH 7.4) and analyzed with flow cytometry (BD, USA) at 488 nm. In vivo T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of intracranial glioblastoma with PEG-SPIONs Intracranial glioblastoma models were established as previously described [40][41]. In brief, 5
Nanoarchitectonics meets cell surface engineering: shape recognition of human cells by halloysite-doped silica cell imprints
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.176
- occurs. However, flow cytometry-based cell proliferation monitoring performed with cells stained with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dye has confirmed that cells coated with pure silica or silica/halloysite display a similar cell proliferation pattern as intact HeLa cells
- nanotubes. Optical microscopy images demonstrating the cultivation for 24 h of (A, B) substrate-attached intact HeLa cells and (C, D) HeLa cells coated with halloysite-doped silica shells; flow cytometry monitoring of cell division for three days of CFSE-stained (E) intact HeLa cells, (F) silica-coated HeLa
- equipped with a fluorite 100× objective and Dage xL (Dage-MTI) CCD camera. Images were obtained using Exponent 7 software (Dage-MTI). The dark-field images were overlapped with transmission fluorescence images using the image processing software GIMP. Cell proliferative activity was examined by flow
Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175
- Ag L−1). The behavior of GSH AuNPs deviates considerably from the others and did not show any significant change in the side scattered light (SSC) ratio even at the highest dose applied, indicating no cell accumulation. The flow cytometry results on NP uptake were confirmed by visualization performed
- apoptotic/dead cells were determined by flow cytometry analysis after staining with CAM and EthD dyes. The doses that caused low or no significant reduction in cell viability (Figure 4a) showed apoptotic processes in a dose-response manner for all tested species (Figure 4b). In accordance with the MTT data
- shaking the plates. The absorbance was recorded at 530 nm using a VictorTM multilabel reader (Perkin Elmer, Massachusetts, USA). The ratio of live, apoptotic and dead cells after treatment with NPs or respective metal salts was determined by flow cytometry experiments using Annexin V and 7
Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108
- -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Cellular uptake and intracellular antioxidant activity of the particles were evaluated by an iron assay and flow cytometry, respectively, using L-929 and LN-229 cells. Compared to the control, the phenolic modification significantly reduced intracellular reactive
- phenolic compound-modified nanoparticles (100 μg/mL), they were incubated with L-929 and LN-229 cells for 3 h, and 2 mM H2O2 was added for 30 min, followed by staining with CM-H2DCFDA for 1 h. Figure 6 shows the representative flow cytometry results of nanoparticle internalization and the intracellular ROS
- most potent free radical scavenging activity measured by using the DPPH assay, all three phenolic compound-modified nanoparticles reduced intracellular ROS levels in a similar manner as the control, as indicated by flow cytometry. Because intracellular oxidative stress has been shown to be elevated in
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